References:

Gehi, A. K., Adams, D. H., & Filsoufi, F. (2006). The modern surgical management of atrial fibrillation. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 73(5), 751. https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:141a7fcb-091e-3683-bafd-1312b2c51ea1

Reddy, V. Y., Anter, E., Rackauskas, G., Peichl, P., Koruth, J. S., Petru, J., Funasako, M., Minami, K., Natale, A., Jais, P., Nakagawa, H., Marinskis, G., Aidietis, A., Kautzner, J., & Neuzil, P. (2020). Lattice-Tip Focal Ablation Catheter That Toggles Between Radiofrequency and Pulsed Field Energy to Treat Atrial Fibrillation: A First-in-Human Trial. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 13(6), e008718. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008718

Yavin, H., Shapira-Daniels, A., Barkagan, M etc. Pulsed Field Ablation Using a Lattice Electrode for Focal Energy Delivery. Volume 13, Issue 6, June 2020. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008580

Anter, E., Jessup, M., Callans, DJ.Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Treatment Considerations for a Dual Epidemic. Originally published12 May 2009 https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.821306

Circulation. 2009;119:2516–2525 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.821306

Delgado, V., Bax, JJ. Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation: From Mitral Annulus Dilatation to Insufficient Leaflet Remodeling. Originally published13 Mar 2017 https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.117.006239

Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017;10:e0062 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.117.006239

Prabhu, S, Taylor, A, Costello, B. et al. Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation and Systolic Dysfunction: The CAMERA-MRI Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Oct, 70 (16) 1949–1961.
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Roy, D., Talajic, M., Nattel, S., Wyse, D. G., Dorian, P., Lee, K. L., Bourassa, M. G., Arnold, J. M., Buxton, A. E., Camm, A. J., Connolly, S. J., Dubuc, M., Ducharme, A., Guerra, P. G., Hohnloser, S. H., Lambert, J., Le Heuzey, J. Y., O’Hara, G., Pedersen, O. D., Rouleau, J. L., … Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure Investigators (2008). Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The New England journal of medicine, 358(25), 2667–2677. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0708789

Haisseguerre, M., Jais, P., Shah, DC., Takahashi, A, …Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation. September 3, 1998. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:659-666. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199809033391003 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199809033391003

“LAAO has become a mainstream strategy to address the unmet needs for stroke prevention in a growing number of patients with nonvalvular AF. Despite its excellent safety profile, concerns remain regarding the limited efficacy data, the growing evidence of adverse long-term sequalae of DRT and PDL, and the need for procedural simplification and optimization. These remaining challenges are being addressed in many clinical and preclinical investigations. The results of these studies will further inform the field about the future of LAAO as a promising stroke-prevention modality.”​

Mohamad Alkhouli, Christopher R. Ellis, Matthew Daniels, Megan Coylewright, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, and David R. Holmes​

JACC Adv. 2022 Dec, 1 (5) 100136

Krummerman

Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2021;42:373–498

Resources:

What is Electrophysiology

Ablation for Arrhythmias

Step‐by‐step recommendations utilizing four‐dimensional intracardiac echocardiography in left atrial appendage procedures

Websites:

Atrial Fibrillation https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/atrial-fibrillation-ablation/about/pac-20384969

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