Diagnosing Stroke in Acute Dizziness and Vertigo
Role of Artificial Intelligence in TeleStroke: An Overview
Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct
•Bastani PB, Rieiro H, Badihian S, Otero-Millan J, Farrell N, Parker M, Newman-Toker D, Zhu Y, Saber Tehrani A. Quantifying Induced Nystagmus Using a Smartphone Eye Tracking Application (EyePhone). J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Jan 16;13(2):e030927. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030927. Epub 2024 Jan 16. PMID: 38226513; PMCID: PMC10926800.
•Bussenius HH, Deem Z, Deemers DDJ. Development of the HINTS/HINTS+ Exam Smartphone App and AI Integration. J Nurse Pract. 2025 Sept; 21 (8) 105471. DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2025.105471. Epub 2025 July 18. (from Science Direct)
•Cortese E, Rochelle P, Patel F, Koohi N, Kaski D. Integrated diagnostic algorithm for acute vertigo combining TiTrATE, STANDING, and HINTS: a validation study in the emergency department. Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 14;15(1):25403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11007-9. PMID: 40659780; PMCID: PMC12259883.
•Edlow JA, Carpenter C, Akhter M, Khoujah D, Marcolini E, Meurer WJ, Morrill D, Naples JG, Ohle R, Omron R, Sharif S, Siket M, Upadhye S, E Silva LOJ, Sundberg E, Tartt K, Vanni S, Newman-Toker DE, Bellolio F. Guidelines for reasonable and appropriate care in the emergency department 3 (GRACE-3): Acute dizziness and vertigo in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2023 May;30(5):442-486. doi: 10.1111/acem.14728. PMID: 37166022.
•Jaganathan N, Mohamed MH, Md Pauzi AL, Mahayidin H, Hanapai AF, Wan Sulaiman WA, Basri H, Inche Mat L. Video head impulse test in stroke: a review of published studies. Front Neurol. 2024 Mar 1;15:1339039. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1339039. PMID: 38497038; PMCID: PMC10940455.
•Kattah JC, Talkad AV, Wang DZ, Hsieh YH, Newman-Toker DE. HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging. Stroke. 2009 Nov;40(11):3504-10. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551234. Epub 2009 Sep 17. PMID: 19762709; PMCID: PMC4593511.
•Kattah JC. Use of HINTS in the acute vestibular syndrome. An Overview. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun 23;3(4):190-196. doi: 10.1136/svn-2018-000160. PMID: 30637123; PMCID: PMC6312070.
•Kung NH, Van Stavern GP, Gold DR. HINTS in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome: Pearls and Pitfalls. J Neuroophthalmol. 2018 Jun;38(2):244-250. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000608. PMID: 29319559.
•Pelletier J, Koyfman A, Long B. Pearls for the Emergency Clinician: Posterior Circulation Stroke. J Emerg Med. 2023 Nov;65(5):e414-e426. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.07.007. Epub 2023 Jul 20. PMID: 37806810. (as well as 2024 J Emerg Med Feb)
•Saber Tehrani AS, Kattah JC, Kerber KA, Gold DR, Zee DS, Urrutia VC, Newman-Toker DE. Diagnosing Stroke in Acute Dizziness and Vertigo: Pitfalls and Pearls. Stroke. 2018 Mar;49(3):788-795. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016979. Epub 2018 Feb 19. PMID: 29459396; PMCID: PMC5829023.
•Schneider AM, Neuhaus AA, Hadley G, Balami JS, Harston GW, DeLuca GC, Buchan AM. Posterior circulation ischaemic stroke diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2023 May;23(3):219-227. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0499. PMID: 37236792; PMCID: PMC11046504.
•Tarnutzer AA, Gold D, Wang Z, Robinson KA, Kattah JC, Mantokoudis G, Saber Tehrani AS, Zee DS, Edlow JA, Newman-Toker DE. Impact of Clinician Training Background and Stroke Location on Bedside Diagnostic Test Accuracy in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome – A Meta-Analysis. Ann Neurol. 2023 Aug;94(2):295-308.doi: 10.1002/ana.26661. Epub 2023 Apr 27. PMID: 37038843; PMCID: PMC10524166.
Nice videos of the HINTS exam:
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q-VTKPweuk (accessed on 2025 08 Nov)
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIgezzbbFgg#ddg-play (accessed on 2025 08 Nov)
Links for information about the HINTS mHealth app:
•https://take2heart.com/other-epage-inc-apps/ (accessed on 2025 08 Nov)
•https://apps.apple.com/us/app/hints-exam/id6479185630 (accessed on 2025 10 Nov)
Link for information about the VertiGuide mHealth app:
•https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/armstrong-institute/center-for-diagnostic-excellence/resources/vertiguide (accessed on 2025 08 Nov)
•https://apps.apple.com/us/app/vertiguide/id1670237615 (accessed on 2025 10 Nov)
American Heart Association – Stroke Treatment Guidelines:
AHA Stroke Treatment Guidelines
European Stroke Organisation – Thrombectomy in Stroke:
National Institutes of Health (NIH) – Stroke Information:
American College of Cardiology (ACC) – Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines:
ACC Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines
American Stroke Association – Secondary Stroke Prevention:
ASA Secondary Stroke Prevention
Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) – Interventions for Stroke:
American College of Cardiology (ACC) – Implantable Devices in Stroke Prevention:
Brain Aneurysm Foundation – Aneurysm Treatment Options:
Brain Aneurysm Foundation Treatment Options
American Heart Association/American Stroke Association – Intracranial Stenosis:
AHA/ASA Intracranial Stenosis Information
Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS) – Endovascular Treatment for Intracranial Arterial Disease:
SNIS Intracranial Arterial Disease
American Heart Association/American Stroke Association – Quality Improvement for Stroke Care:
AHA/ASA Stroke Quality Improvement
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) – Improving Stroke Care:
Stroke Connection – Patient Resources:
Mayo Clinic – Understanding Stroke:
WebMD – Stroke Health Center:
American Heart Association – Secondary Stroke Prevention:
AHA Secondary Stroke Prevention
Heart Rhythm Society – Patient Resources on Atrial Fibrillation:
HRS Atrial Fibrillation Patient Resources
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH) – Stroke Prevention:
Heart Rhythm Society – Implantable Devices and Stroke Risk:
HRS Implantable Devices and Stroke Risk
Mayo Clinic – Brain Aneurysm Treatment:
Mayo Clinic – Aneurysm Treatment
Mayo Clinic – Intracranial Stenosis: Treatment Options:
Mayo Clinic – Intracranial Stenosis Treatment
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH) – Stroke Prevention:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH) – Stroke Quality of Care:
The Joint Commission – Patient Information on Stroke Care Certification:
Joint Commission Stroke Care Certification for Patients
2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
